Apparatus for preventing the formation of boiler-scale.



T. BMZDA, E. RICHTER & A, scfiiiomm APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING TEE FORMATION OF BOILER SCALE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5, 19127 Fatented 3,32:

M w g m T. BRXZDA, E. RICHTER 61: A. SGHijGKHER.

ATUS FOR PREVENTING THE FORMATION OF BOILER SCALE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.5, 1912,

APPAR 1,959,430. Patented Apr. 22, 1913 4 SHEETS-SHBET 2.

,5, y m dcm 4 F WW BRE LZDA, E. RICHTER (in A. SGHEGKHER. APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE FORMATION OF BGILEE SCALE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5, 1912.

Patented M31222, 1913.

4 SEEETSSHEET 3.

mm. v

/ wwumw- 7n 2 Patented M11122, 1913.

4 SHEETfi-SHEET 4.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5, 1912.

T. BRXZDA, E. RICHTER 6; A. SOHI'J'GKHER. APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE FORMATION OF BOILER SCALE.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

rrmobos'iaal'znsfor rrtssn snn smIL RroHcrEs.'AND'ALBEM SCH'UCKHER, or

' VIENNA, AUSTRIAPHUNGARX.

assuresron rmivnnrme THE FORMATION or BOILER-SCALE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

Application filed march 5, 1912. Serial No. 681,802.

Be it known that we, THEODOR Baiizoa, a subject of the Austro-Hungarian Emperor, residing at Pilsen, Bohemia, Austria-Hunairy, and Emu Rtcurna and ALBERT bont'cxnsa, subjectsot the Austro-Hungarian Emperor, residing at ,Vienna, Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Iin )rovemcnts in A paratus for Pre- A'enting tie-Formation 0 Boiler-Scale, of

which the following is a specification.

The object of the American Patent 925,983 isa rocess' for reventinmthe formation of boi er scale in w iich the feed water,

,without addition of chemicals, is boiled-with "simultaneous vigorousstirrmg m a container whiclrisnot uite filled, which is closed on all-sides anddoes not stand under the ressure of the feed pump or tlie-boiler, wit 1 the objectofprecipitatin part of the substances ""caasing hardness in tlGfOIIll-Df afine' mud,

suspended in the water, when the feed water is ,introduced into the? boiler with this suspension or the precipitate obtained; therefrom alone. The necessary energetic motion of the'water during boiling-can be effected either by the steam alone or with the aid of mechanical 'stirrers. This-process is based on the fact that the micro-crystalline pre cipitate whiclrrcsults injjthis treatment is' "capable, on account of its particular condition, of preventing deposition .on the walls of boilers and thellike, because the precipitate "which commences to "crystallize, out in the boiler at increasing concentration forms 'no boiler scale underzthefinfiuence of the'suspension whichhaslb'een addedJE'On the'contrary these precipitates'are alsoof great fineness and mobil1ty,-they'follow all the move; ments of the water andtat a oertain overv concentration-dorm a soft, pasty: sludge,

which can. be removed by 'periodicidrawingoil from thetboilerh It was originally .attem ted, to attribute the surprising action of t e process to the easily mobile fine particles of the suspension sus ended in theboiler water continually rub ing on the walls oftheboiler and on the deposits in course, of formation, in the boiler, -,whereby these ',deposits' were not allowed. tojliestilI'zandEWere-.thus hindered,

from becoming solid. If .1 Anothen-more; plausible; attem t atv ex planation is that these most fine v divided crystals previously present in the boiler tine car of the ,boiler water the sulfates are actively settles out in the desired fineness.

,water serve in a certain manner as crystallization points or crystal nuclei for the substances causing pcrmanent hardness, which separate out later in the boiler. The suspensions-precipitated by boiling the water with vigorous stirring mainly consists of hicarbonates. The substances causing the permanent hardness, in which sulfates are principally concerned, in consequence of their rent-solubility first begin to separate out, w ien the solution has attained the corresponding degree of concentration by evaporation and enrichment in consequence of; fresh addition of water containing sulphates. The small or stals of carbonate introduced into the boi er water, which take part in all the movements of thesame, attract to themselves the sulfates, which crystallize out in somewhat the same man ner; as sugar begins to crystallize out from a saturated solution on to a crystal which ishuni therein. Thus by the excessively onate crystals suspended in all parts prevented from forming a solid deposit on the walls of the boiler. -Th'efpresent invention has for object a further development of this process and devices for carrying out the same.

The further development of the original process aims first at carrying out by the simplestpossible means the process of boiling the'fwater with energetic stirring during continuous working. To this end according tothe present invention, the water which is toibeftreate'd, is added continuously, or intermittently at short time-intervals, to a c'losed- -.container, which is not wholly filled, and ispled from the container in the same manner, and as it flows is boiled and kept in motion so vigorously that the precipitate The water is usually led in by a pum or by a suitably high reservoir. The boi ed water can be likewise led from the container to the boiler by a pump unlessit is preferred to feed the water into a collector and to feed it to the boiler therefrom.

a In treatment in continuous working in order to secure the deposition of the precipitateiin the required microcystalline condition and tine'division, on which indeed the working .of the whole process depends, it is'a'dvisable to conduct this treatment of the water in several consecutive phases. To

after another'. But several containers,

plaeedpneafter the otliercan alsobe emploved'.

The energetic stirring of the water, which is essential for the process, can be obtained in various ways,*as was mentionedv at the beginning. \Ifthe source of heat is outside the container the vigorous movement of the water 'is' effected by the'aid of mixing 'wheels, stirrersor-the like, disposed-inside t'hecontainer. If the heating of the water is effected by allowing steam to pass directly into it,-this steam, by means'of-suitable devices, can simultaneously serve to bring about the requisite energetic motion.

Devices havebeen previously proposed.

to effect the prior warming of tie water by direct admixture of steam witli cthe feed:

water, (for example, by leading in the steam in finejets, or'with the'sO-called noiseless heaters), but,these have always beencon cerned only with an improvement in giving tip heat to thewater. To'ascribe directly to :the. steam. the function of a stirrin intensely dashing the waterparticles together,

rendered ,distinctly visib e on considerable in magnifications,- which turbidity, whether suspended in the boiler water .or added 5 as sue means for boiler scale e As a further. developmentof the process it has proved advantageous to cause the admission into the water container of z; thesteam or water or both to take placeiniin termittent v pufls. (pulsating). sating," in comparison .to t

the" container to take current nf. steam is essentially increased. This pulsating inflow of steam orwater can be cfi'ected either withthe aid of mechanical means or it can' bebrought'into play by the pressure-variations occurring in; the contamer. The flowzof'the steam'into' the conit tainer in pufis -can also .beetl'e'ctedqby the streaming of tllGWlliGl' runinto or'out from the =eontamer; for example-by arranging in the m---or outloa a WhGGl 'WithflVimOH or the? like whose movement is transmittedto ti or regulating device inserted in'the' a cut-o steam pipe. To make the stirring of the me; dium'yhas first been proposed towart th 501mm of the Problem generating; y

a precipitate of microcrystalline COHditIOII, whose finest. articles-mare. first to the 'boiler water, formsan active prevent ng the formation {of -.'r,h p ie continuous,r=" steam inflow. results inan increased" a'gita-i tion of the-water.- 'The =pulsating,1'in=com+ parison of the continuous, inflow -o'f wa ter causes the pressure variations in.

lace within= wider limits, whereby the pn sation ofthe' ,watcr-sufiiciently active there is still availablethe method of increasing the stirring lactionbfthe'steam flowing into the water by'combiiiation with mechanical stirring ineansp-in thatthe steanr ipe fixed in the container is provided witi stirring vanes and arranged as a stirring axle.

The gases chemically bound in the water and evolved in the precipitation process are driven out by boiling the water under vigorous stirring, the principal quantity of which collecting in the upper part of the container above the level of the liquid and can thereupon be blown out of-the container. There is distinct importance in this action inthe process, for it avoids the attack on the material of the boiler which otherwise takes place and avoids the origination of corrosion. Now it has been found advantageous, especially in carrying out the process in continuous working, to allow this blowing off of the gases to occur periodically we. in puffs. In this wa the gases which are not. immediately at tie blow-off opening and those which are in the deeper layers are carriedoiY-by the pulling action, so that the water passes into the boiler completely freed from air and'gases. The periodic blowing-off can be effected by hand or automatically by suitable devices at the requisitetime-intervals.

' n the" accompanying drawings several forms of devices are illustrated which serve to carryout the process in continuous work- Tigure 1il1ustrates in vertical sectionone embodiment of the invention; Fig.'j2 is a similar view of a modification. Fig. Bis a sectional viewillustrating another form of 'a paratus embod i'ng the invention. Fig. 4 1

il ustratesa'slig itly modified form of the type of apparatusshown in Fig. 3. Figs. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate, in sectionyplan and end elevation, another apparatus embodying tthe invention. '1

.In the forms represented in Figs. 1 and 2 the bo ling ofthe watertisefiected under energetic stirring bydireet in-flow of steam into the water. To this end there leads into the containera-a steam-pipe 0, cl which is provided with a number of suitably formed exits 6. By intermediate'walls or-bailleplatesb the untreated water-flowing from the pipe 1 through the valve f above, into the container (1, isforced'to traverse a number of chambers in series, which prevents a part of the water leaving the container after having been insufficiently boiled.

To allow the entry of the steam to take place by pnfis or pulsations the untreated water is runintoa spaceqh'whieh is sepa- -rated from the other space of the container a by a wall it leaving a suitable connection between. To this space ii there is attached a casing j containing a piston In which on lfii .of the water is the one hand stands under the pressureprevailing in thespace hand on theother' hand -isiloa'ded-by aspring [or by a weight.- A rod m leadsfrom this piston to the cut-off device 7t (piston-valve) of the steamin-flow. d; If so'mucli -steam has collected abovev the water that-the prevailing pressure has reached a-certain va1ue, the pressure acts so strongly on the pistonk, that this is moved against the action of the spring '2 and the cut-off n is closed. It steam is condensed in the space ith the in-flowing water the pressure rapid y-diminishes there, so that the action-of'the spring Z predominates and the cut-oftn 2's opened. By making the space lb separated from the rest of the container andproportionately small,'a quicker action of the water on the steam is attained to bring about a frequent change of: pressure, and thereby also a sufficiently rapid pulsation of the steam. It is selfevidcnt that insteadof the iston k a membrane can be'connected with the cut-off. or

rcgulating'device '12 arranged inthe steam in-tiow pipe. I

Theboiled water leaves the container 0 at the lower end-"through-the.pipe pprovided with a cut-off device "0. A filter r: orihe-like can :bed'ns'erted to hold back the. precipitated gsuspension. *"It :is also; advisableto'provide-a mudwock' s; A pipe at witha cut-otf'o servesrt'oblow otttlie gases collectingin the upper part of'the container. Finally. there is a gage-glass w attached to the container."

ulsati;

consisting of a piSton -k -a n d-aspring 2is provided'here both'forithe steamwcut-ofi n as well. as for the water cut-ofiff, so: that. both the steam valve n'and the water valve f are regulated by the ressure revailing at the-timein the sham erja'. his re u-I lation takes place in such'manner that with a predetermined reduction in" pressure in the chamber h the steam valve *nnisopened and with a corresponding increasein pressure the water'valve f is ope ned.-.By the pulsating 'in-fiowmotonly,of-steam-tbut also of water, an especiallyintensivehgitatiou, attained, as hasbeen alreadymentioned. a y In Figs. 3 and 4 forms are shown in'which the stirring action of the steam blowing into the water is assisted byamechanieal stirrer. The steam pipe a'with' the exits e forms at thesame time the stirring axle in that it is rotatably mounted in the bearings, m g and is provided-with stirring vanes z. T econ-.

nection of the rotatable steampipe c with the fixed steam supply; stuffing-box Qwhile t plipe'd'is effected by a e driving of the steam-' tube a is effected by any shaftinggfor exam ple by a conical wheel drive 3. In this -ing tap; The cut-bit devicesg water and steam are connecte 'ltl'which is coupled with a shaft 18 by drivform lldCVlC G is provided which makes the supply of the water dependent on the level prevailing inside the container. This deviceconsists of a float 4 which is connected by a rod 5 with a throttle valve 6 provided in-thewater supply pipe 9. This throttle valve closes more-as the water level rises and opens more as the level falls.

: In the form shown in Fig. 4 direct heating by-steam is employed in combination with a mechanical stirrer. The steam supply pipe d is connected by a stuiling-box 2 with the steam pipe 0 which is rotatably mounted in the container at a: and 7 and is rotated by any shafting, for example, by a conical wheel drive3 and possesses one or several stirring vanes 7 formed of tubes. The steam flows through the pipe 0 into the stirring vane 7 and finally passes through the backward leading pipe 8 arranged in the steam-pipe to a fixed chamber 9 from which it is drawn off with the condensed water through a pipe 10. In this form the stirring'vanes'7 serve simultaneously to warm the water, since steam passes through them, and to stir it energetically.

In the form shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7 in longitudinal section, plan and cross section,

three horizontal containers 11, 12 and 13 are so'connected with oneanother by pipes 14 and -15-th atthe water boiled in the first container'must then pass into the second and third-containers. Into the first container ll opens the-supply pipe '9 for the untreated a u -.Lwater, into which is inserted the cut-off f In the formshown in. Fig, 2 not only 'the' steam but'also the ,water, in-flow is ving. The arrangement describedin ig. 1-

wbich'in this case is formed as a revolving tap. The outflow pipe 79 leads from the last container 18.]In each container there is a horizontal'steam pipe 0 with suitably constructed exits c.- All these steam pipes possess a common supply pipe (l in which is insorted-a.- cut-ofi' n, for example again a rotatand n for by a shaf ing means 17. By this arrangement both the eat otidevices are simultaneously actuatedby which means the in fiowopenings arealternately opened and closed. Thereby acontinual pulsating, i. 0., puff-like in-flow of bothwater and steam is attained by mechanical means. By the mechanical regulation of'both cut-off devices it is possible to cause the pulsations to take place quicker or slower.

The method of carrying out the original process for preventing the formation of )oiler-scale by boiling the feed water with simultaneous vigorous stirring which forms the object of tie present invention represents an'important advance on the original ,process. Quite apart from the great ad vantage which is attained by being able to conduct the boiling during continuous workmg the methods of operation described in 2Q filed Septein Having thus described't-he invention what,

35 ,mission ports to vi orously, a

40; scale, the com themselves yield a finer division of-tlie precipitate. and at more thorough removalofgases from the water. :IAtthe same time they effect a 31110138 thorough precipitation of B bicarbonatesthan was previously the .case.-& As a result,-in the case avhen'gthe water to be" treated is known -to containmoresubstances.

causing temporary; hardness than is neces sary' for, preventing the format-ionjof-boiier scale, the-whole precipitate must not beiintrocluced into the boilerlwith the feed water, 1

but a )art of the precipitate can be held back. his microcrystalline mud vobtained as by-product can itself-findapplication as" a means for preventing-boiler scale.- a

No claim is herein made to theimproved method described inthe foregoing specification as it forms-the subject-matter of the divisional application, Serial No. 721,281,

ier 19, 1912.

is;claimcd and desired to be secured by Letters Patent isz .1. In an apparatus for treating boiler feed water by precipitating the scale-forming substance in finelydivided-form, the com-- bination of a receptacle, adapted-to contain the feed ,water, means for simultaneously admitting water to and drawin .it: ofifrom said, receptacle causingia-circu ation-there- 2. In an apparatus :for; treating feed water for boilers to prevent the formation of boiler drawing itofififrom said receptacle causing. a circulation therethrough, means fol-simultaneously heating; and agitating substan- 46 tiallynall of the particles of water ,within I a conduit for disi the receptacle, coiiiprisin charginfg steam into he receptacle, and means or rapidly and IIllGImItlIIlglyiDtQP- ination or, a; receptacle means for simultaneously admittingr'water to andruptingthe flow of steam and water to the receptacle,

- 3.;Inr'an apparatus for treatingvfeed water for boilers to prevent the formation of boiler scale, the a combination of a receptacle means for simultaneously admitting Water to and drawingitoff from said receptacle causing a circulation theret-hrough, ineansifor simultaneouslyheating and agitating substantially all of the particles of waterqwithinthe receptacle, comprising a conduit-for discharging steam into the re- 'ceptacle, and means controlled by variation in the pressure Within the receptacle for rapidly and intermittingly interrupting the flow of steam to the receptacle.

. 4. In an apparatus for treatin feed water for boilers to prevent the formation of boiler scale, the combination of a receptacle means for simultaneously admitting water to and drawing it o from said receptacleicausing a circulation therethrougli, means for simultaneously heating and agi tating'substantially all of the particles of water within the receptacle, comprising a conduit for discharging steam into the receptacle, and means controllediby variation .in the pressure :Wlllilfitli receptacle for rapidly ancl" intermittingly' interrupting the fiowof steam andwater to the receptacle.

5. In an apparatus for treat-in feed water fonboilers, the combination o a suitable container havingports for: the admission and discharge of water, means for'heating and. agitating wateruwithin the container c'omprising' a conduitifor dischariging steam into the container, and ,Ineans or rapidly and intermittentlyinterruptingithe flow of steam to the container.

In testimony whereof we have atfixed our signaturesTinpresenceof two witnesses.

THEODOR 'BRAz-DA. EMIIJ RICHTER.

ALBERT -SCHUCKHER. Witnesses:

' Dia'Itici-iaao Pnox,

Anous'r FUGGER.

co m of this patent may bfobtllned {oi-live cent: each, bylddrenlng the Commissioner of Patent:

' I 'washtnzton, DrOP-w i i 

